BIOGAS COMMUNITY MAGAZINE

Expertise Insights

What RNG Top Performers Have in Common

What RNG Top Performers Have in Common: Production Volume Isn’t the Attractive Metric Anymore

By Anessa Historically, success for biogas and RNG plants was defined in one simple way: how much gas can the plant produce?

Bigger digesters, higher throughput, and more gigajoules exported were the key metrics. High volume was the goal everyone chased, and for good reason. When the technology was new, proving you could reliably turn waste into renewable energy at scale was the whole goal.

In recent developments, that has changed. Producing more RNG no longer automatically means creating more value. Some of the most profitable facilities in operation today aren't the biggest ones at all but are the ones delivering the right gas, at the right quality, with the right environmental profile, again and again. The industry's center of gravity has shifted from volume to value.

It's understandable why a large plant looks impressive on paper. But that impression can be misleading; if the production behind it has unstable operations, fluctuating gas quality, or a poor carbon intensity score, the financial benefits fall apart.

Current buyers and regulators care less about output numbers than most people assume. What they actually want is gas that consistently meets pipeline specifications, arrives on a predictable schedule, and carries environmental credentials that hold up year after year.

A plant can hit impressive production numbers and still watch its revenue erode if it falls short on any of these fronts. This is the area where Anessa specializes.

Much of what determines a plant's real value is decided long before the gas ever reaches the pipeline. Feedstock choice is a good example: different substrates have different lifecycle emissions profiles and behave differently in the digester.

So choosing purely for yield can quietly drive up a CI score or destabilize gas composition.

Heat integration matters too: poor thermal management increases parasitic energy demand, which steadily chips away at both environmental performance and net energy export.

Even maintenance strategy plays a role. A plant run close to its mechanical limits might turn in strong short-term numbers, but frequent unplanned downtime undermines the delivery reliability buyers are paying for.

None of these factors is dramatic individually, but the issues arise when they’re analyzed collectively.

In other words, there's a meaningful difference between maximizing output and maximizing value.

• Output-first thinking pushes systems toward their limits: aggressive feedstock blends, high loading rates, minimal redundancy.
• Value-first thinking prioritizes stability: consistent digestion, steady gas composition, predictable operating conditions.

This stability tends to pay off further downstream, in smoother upgrading, easier compliance, and more dependable revenue. In many cases, a plant running at a slightly lower but far more stable output actually produces stronger financial outcomes over time.

This is where modelling earns its keep. Anessa's Simulation module lets developers test feedstock combinations, digester

of optimized biogas production, the pattern holds. The more important question for developers today is “how much qualified, monetizable gas can we reliably deliver over the next twenty years?” because in today's RNG market, value isn't counted only in gigajoules.

It's measured by consistency, reliability, and trust, and it's often the plants that aren't the biggest on the site map that lead in all three.

onfigurations, and energy balances before a shovel goes in the ground. Once a plant is running, Monitoring tracks gas quality and stability in real time, and Optimization lets teams test adjustments to feedstock or operating strategy against gas yield, CI score, and revenue before committing to them. The reporting module compiles it together for regulatory requirements.

Across more than 150 plants and 7,750 GWh

Expertise Insights

Azura Associates – Delivering Operational Excellence

Azura Associates – Delivering Operational Excellence EXPERTISE INSIGHTS By Azura Associates Azura Associates specializes in anaerobic digestion for biogas, RNG, and industrial wastewater applications. We help facility owners and operators design, operate, optimize, and troubleshoot digesters using deep technical expertise built over more than 35 years of working with complex, high-strength wastes. Azura Academy Educating clients is fundamental to everything we do. Throughout every engagement, we provide training to help our clients build their internal capacity and achieve long-term success. We have recently launched Azura Academy to deliver online courses, live training sessions, and confidential coaching to help clients optimize their efficiency. Project Development Our independent technical experts help project developers, financiers, and legal counsel with due diligence, risk mitigation, and project green lights. Whatever your feedstocks: food waste, FOG, SSO, and OFMSW, we can match your RNG process and organizational goals. Laboratory Testing Good digesters run on good data. When it comes to laboratory testing, your project needs answers and not just numbers. Azura's laboratory testing and detailed analysis will help you maximize your anaerobic digester performance and take advantage of your available feedstocks. Bio-Process Optimization If you’re looking for stability—biogas production, consistent revenues, and navigating the regulatory landscape, Azura’s here to get your digester operating as it should. We can find the main causes of low gas production or biological upset, maintain digester and business health, and independently assess opportunities for new feedstocks and process optimization. Forensic Review of Digester Performance Need help to close-out or complete a project? Is a commercial dispute brewing on your AD site? Azura supports legal teams with large-scale legal disputes, including 2

regulatory compliance & enforcement, insurance and civil claims, and international arbitration matters.

Using data-driven analysis, Azura helps plant operators and fleet owners optimize performance and build in-house capacity for long-term commercial success.

Recent Work

Our client was looking at options to help their municipality reach their climate goals. They reached out to Azura to create a workshop that would help their team understand the potential opportunities and challenges of integrating anaerobic digestion into their waste management strategy:

Get clear, actionable, and independent advice from the bioprocess experts at Azura Associates.

EXPERTISE INSIGHTS

Maximizing ROI in Biogas Projects

By Kingsbury Companies LLC. Heat management is another often-overlooked opportunity. Optimizing heat recovery and minimizing losses can significantly reduce external fuel consumption equipment and extend Life, directly improving project economics.

Advanced tools like 3D BIM integration are also transforming project delivery. Accurate models enhance constructability, improve pricing accuracy, and reduce rework, resulting in faster, more predictable construction timelines.

Construction Strategies that Protect ROI

Execution is where ROI is either realized or lost Collaborative contract structures, such as Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP), help align stakeholders and control financial risk.

Equally critical is strong project management that prioritizes safety, accountability, and transparent communication. Detailed CPM scheduling ensures realistic timelines and enables teams to quantify the impact of delays. Meanwhile, proactive logistics planning, especially for equipment delivery, prevents costly disruptions.

To maintain financial control throughout construction, Kingsbury recommends leveraging the Earned Value Method (EVM) By integrating scope, schedule, and cost, EVM provides real-time insight into project health through key metrics: . As the biogas and renewable natural gas (RNG) markets evolve across North and South America, developers and investors are facing a new reality: policy uncertainty, rising costs, and mounting pressure to deliver projects on time and on budget. While incentives may fluctuate, project performance remains the most controllable and critical lever for maximizing ROI.

At Kingsbury Companies LLC. decades of heavy civil construction experience have shown that the difference between profitable and underperforming biogas projects lies in early design decisions and disciplined construction execution.

Design for Cost Certainty and Long-Term Efficiency

Strong project outcomes begin below ground. Unpredictable soil conditions at farms and landfill sites can drive significant cost overruns if not addressed early. Conducting thorough geotechnical investigations and evaluating foundation strategies can prevent costly change orders and inform smarter decisions, such as above- ground versus buried tanks.

Operational considerations are equally important. For example, dairy farm bedding and sand separation systems must be evaluated not only for performance, but for long-term operating costs (OPEX). Planning for maintenance, cleaning, and system efficiency upfront reduces lifecycle costs and protects ROI.

Building Resilient, Profitable Biogas Projects

Successful biogas projects depend on execution excellence. From early design optimization to data-driven construction management, the strategies outlined here help reduce risk, control costs, and maximize long-term returns.

Discover how Kingsbury Companies LLC. helps developers deliver high-performance biogas infrastructure on our website and read the full article on Biogas Community for deeper insights and proven strategies to maximize ROI.

• Planned Value (PV): The budgeted cost of work scheduled for completion at a given time.
• Earned Value (EV): The budgeted cost of the work completed.
• Actual Cost (AC): The actual cost incurred for the completed work

These indicators allow teams to identify whether a project is over budget or behind schedule, enabling faster, data-driven decisions. When visualized through performance graphs, stakeholders gain immediate clarity on whether projections are being met.

Expertise Insights

Demystifying Iron-Based Adsorbents

Demystifying Iron-Based Adsorbents: Old Myths That Still Influence H2S Treatment Decisions

Iron-based adsorbents have been used for H2S removal for years due to their simplicity, affordability, and reliability. However, first-generation products left myths that are still influencing operator decisions. This article will focus on separating facts from fiction to give the reader a better set of decision tools.

The first commercially available iron-based H2S adsorbent technology consisted of a packed bed of iron oxide supported on wood chips. This process was popular decades ago because it was efficient enough, inexpensive and simple, though the media required continuous moisture addition with pH adjustment. An improvement from this product was a supported iron oxide granular media product that didn’t require the continuous addition of pH-controlled water.

This technology had many advantages compared to the original technology. However, compaction and bridging were frequently reported. The next adsorbents generation of concentrated iron-based media, formed into engineered particulates, has overcome many of these challenges, bringing along new benefits (improved crush strength, higher sulfur capacity and physical integrity). Despite advances the new generation of adsorbents have to offer, perceptions may still be shaped by previous experiences with earlier generations. As a result, old myths continue to influence technology selection, causing operators to overlook the benefits of modern iron-based H2S adsorbents.

Myth 1: Spent iron Adsorbents Are Pyrophoric.

No, not all iron-based spent adsorbents are classified as pyrophoric, as the type of sulfides produced are not all the same.

The first commercially used products, iron oxide deposited on wood chips, were known to be pyrophoric once spent. When these sulfided species are exposed to air, the media temperature rises several hundred degrees. The high temperatures generated, combined with poor heat dissipation and the presence of readily combustible material like wood, create ideal conditions for spontaneous ignition.

New adsorbent generations don’t normally ignite as they form generally stable iron sulfide species; they’re not deposited on combustible supports, and don’t bridge, allowing better heat dissipation.

Myth 2: Pressure Drop Across iron-Packed Beds Increases Substantially During Operation, Leading to Expensive and Labour-Intensive Media Replacement.

Pelletized adsorbents are the most widely used form of iron-based adsorbents available today. One main reason behind this is their

System Photo: Merichem Technologies SULFURTRAP® Lead/Lag Vessel Systems using iron oxide solid adsorbent for H2S removal.

Media photo: Merichem Technologies SULFURTRAP® UHC high-capacity adsorbent media.

Myth 3: Iron Adsorbents Need Oxygen Injection to Work.

The presence of oxygen generally prolongs bed life for most iron-based adsorbents due to the catalytic effect of some specific iron active sites, but not all require oxygen injection to perform well. Some iron oxide/hydroxide hybrid-type adsorbents are intrinsically more active than others, leading to higher total sulfur loading capacity in the absence of oxygen.

Myth 4: Gas streams need to be water saturated.

While most commercially available iron-based adsorbents may need a minimum water level content to work, some are designed to promote the dissociation of H2S at low to nonexistent water content.

Newly developed adsorbents can be used upstream or downstream of dehydration steps as they can perform well from dry to completely saturated gas streams.

SULFURTRAP® has more than 15 years of continuous development with many iterations, each designed to improve a specific trait to support smooth operations along with reduced operational costs. A highly active, non-bridging media that does not require high humidity or oxygen to perform well, paired with a SULFURTRAP® Vessel System, assures safe, easy and profitable operations.

System Schematic: Versatile H2S removal Vessel Systems designed for continuous operation with long bed life, non-caking SULFURTRAP® adsorbent media.

ability to prevent bed compaction while maintaining low pressure drop and high activity across the bed. Particle size must be optimized to balance efficiency and pressure drop. Small particles pack tightly and show higher activity but can also cause high pressure drop due to compaction. Large particles minimize pressure drop but may allow H2S slip through larger void spaces.

EXPERTISE INSIGHTS

Why Better Landfill Gas Collection is the Foundation of Lower Emissions and Stronger RNG Projects

Why Landfill Methane Matters More Than Ever

Municipal solid waste landfills are the third-largest source of human-related methane emissions in the United States. Landfill gas is composed primarily of methane and carbon dioxide, along with smaller amounts of other compounds.

Because methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, landfill emissions have received increasing regulatory attention. In September 2024, the U.S. EPA highlighted recurring compliance issues, including excess surface emissions, deficiencies in GCCS design and maintenance, and inadequate cover integrity.

For landfill owners and operators, methane capture is central to environmental compliance, odour control, community relations, and the long-term value of landfill gas to-energy and renewable natural gas (RNG) projects.

Methane emissions depend not only on gas generation, but also on how effectively that gas is collected, controlled, and used. Five factors are particularly important.

Waste Tonnage and Waste Composition

The amount and composition of waste strongly influence methane generation. Organic materials such as food waste, paper, cardboard, and sludge produce methane as they break down under anaerobic conditions, while lower-organic waste streams generate less gas. As a result, two landfills with similar disposal volumes can have very different methane generation profiles.

For RNG projects, waste characterization affects facility sizing, long-term flow forecasts, methane concentration, project economics, and future expansion potential.

Engineering Design

Even a high-gas landfill cannot perform well without a properly designed gas collection and control system (GCCS). Well spacing,

Good tuning is not simply about pulling harder. The goal is to maximize methane recovery while avoiding conditions that create compliance or operational problems.

This balance is especially important for RNG facilities, where both gas quality and methane recovery matter.

5. Cover Integrity

Cover integrity is one of the most overlooked drivers of landfill methane emissions. Even a well-designed and well-operated GCCS cannot perform effectively if daily, intermediate, or final cover is cracked, thin, poorly compacted, or otherwise compromised.

depth, header sizing, and condensate management all influence whether methane is effectively collected or escapes through the landfill surface. Horizontal collectors can also help capture gas earlier in active filling areas.

Design directly affects RNG performance. Poor well coverage, undersized piping, flooded laterals, inadequate condensate control, or limited blower capacity can restrict recoverable landfill gas before it reaches the RNG facility.

3. Operations and Maintenance

Operations and maintenance (O&M) are often the difference between a system that performs on paper and one that performs in the field. Landfills change every day, and issues such as flooded condensate traps, damaged wellheads, restricted headers, or liquid accumulation can quickly reduce methane capture if not addressed.

Strong methane control requires coordination among landfill operators, GCCS O&M teams, and RNG facility operators. When landfill gas has long-term economic value, there is greater incentive to invest in monitoring, preventive maintenance, and system optimization.

4. Landfill Gas Tuning

Landfill gas tuning brings together engineering, field conditions, data, and operator judgment. Wells are evaluated for methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, temperature, flow, and vacuum, then adjusted to optimize performance.

Surface defects can allow methane to bypass collection wells and escape directly to the atmosphere.

The Bottom Line

Reducing landfill methane emissions requires accurate waste assumptions, sound GCCS design, disciplined maintenance, skilled field tuning, strong cover practices, and a coordinated beneficial-use strategy.

RNG facilities do not create methane; they create value from methane the landfill is already generating. The best-performing landfills are those that treat methane capture as both a technical discipline and an operational priority.

Waga Energy field technicians performing routine inspections and maintenance activities to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the RNG production facility throughout its lifecycle

Expertise Insights

Eyes On Ottawa

After languishing below $100 through early 2025, CFR credit prices have stabilized in the $400–$450 range. The market is tight, and it’s working, incentivizing clean fuel production and attracting imports.

US-based clean fuel producers were quick to respond to the incentive, leading to a substantial backlog of Carbon Intensity Applications working through the system. The structural demand the regulation has created is now meeting pressure from industry groups requesting special treatment from a highly conservative regulator (ECCC) whose hands are tied by trade negotiations.

The Import Disconnect

Recall that in the CFR, as in other clean fuel markets, Renewable Diesel represents the 2

The Bottom Line

Much of politics is horse-trading, but Canada simply lacks the productive capacity to meet its tightening emissions obligations without foreign low-CI supply. There is good sense in incentivizing new domestic capacity, but flooding the market will not accomplish that. In any event, the decision cannot be isolated from ongoing USMCA negotiations.

Primary Suppliers (credit buyers) are taking a wait-and-see approach, hence the current price discount to Fair Value. They can only kick the can down the road so far before the road runs out.

NEL-i remains structurally long the CFR and believes credit prices have room to run to $700 this calendar year. For US producers, the takeaway is clear: the Canadian market will adjust through higher credit prices long before ECCC adjusts through credit supply. marginal source of credit creation due to its inherent flexibility. The most recent (May 2026) import data shows that US supply of Renewable Diesel to Canada hit a new all-time high. Even with domestic clean fuel production near full capacity, the CFR market remains fundamentally short.

Here is where the puzzle gets interesting: while CFR spot credits hover around $420–$450, the CFR-equivalent cost of importing US Renewable Diesel (i.e., creating the next credit) ranges from $600 to $800 per credit. Someone is eating that differential right now, whether through lagging forward contracts, reduced margins, or misplaced hope that ECCC will flood the market with cheap credits.

That won't last. With the US RIN bank drawing down and American capacity running hot, future exports to Canada will be priced at a premium.

Politics, Protectionism, and the BC Lesson

Naturally, politics intervene. Last September, Prime Minister Carney announced "Targeted Amendments" to protect domestic clean fuel and feedstock producers hit by trade friction.

ECCC’s Discussion Paper floated two regulatory options: a minimum domestic content rule or a credit multiplier for domestic fuels.

While industry prefers a credit multiplier, this approach contains inherent difficulties. In addition to disrupting the balance of supply and demand, a multiplier breaks the 1:1 2

Efficient Solutions

Driving Energy Efficiency in RNG Plants with ABB Technologies

Choosing the right equipment is essential to meeting the needs of the RNG market. ABB’s advanced technologies—Active Front End (AFE) drives, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Synchronous Condensers, STATCOM, and Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (ESS)—offer integrated solutions to address these challenges.

Active Front End Drives (AFE)

Significant energy savings can be achieved by adding a variable frequency drive (VFD) to the powertrain. A VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) matches motor speed with the actual demand of the process and reduces the energy consumed by the motor. Adding a VFD to the motor system results in substantial energy savings. In the example of a fan, reducing rotating equipment speed by 20% can reduce input power requirements by approximately 50%.

Selecting a VFD with active front-end technology mitigates harmonics, improves power factor to ensure efficient energy utilization and enables regenerative braking to feed energy back to the grid, reducing waste.

This is important on compressors and blowers in plants, where variable speed control and clean power are critical.

The Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) market is rapidly expanding as industries seek sustainable solutions to reduce carbon emissions and optimize energy use.

RNG facilities, often operating in power ranges from 1 MVA to 15 MVA, face unique challenges: fluctuating loads, grid stability issues, and stringent efficiency targets.

These facilities rely on compressors, blowers, and pumps that consume significant electrical energy.

Power quality issues, including harmonics and voltage fluctuations, can lead to inefficiencies and downtime. Additionally, regulatory frameworks and ESG

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)

Battery Energy Storage Systems help stabilize voltage and frequency in weak grids, enable load shifting and demand response to reduce energy usage, and support microgrid operations, particularly for remote RNG sites. Its integration with plants ensures reliable management of intermittent renewable energy inputs.

Synchronous Condensers

Synchronous Condensers improve fault tolerance and provide dynamic reactive power support, which is especially critical for RNG facilities connected to weak grids or areas with high renewable energy penetration. Synchronous condensers are a good solution for large RNG hubs that require robust voltage control and inertia support.

ESS works best for sites that need rapid response to load changes without the wear and degradation associated with chemical batteries.

As RNG facilities scale to meet global decarbonization goals, energy efficiency becomes a strategic imperative. ABB’s advanced solutions—AFE drives, BESS, STATCOM, synchronous condensers, and flywheel ESS—empower operators to achieve maximum efficiency, reliability, and sustainability across the 1–15 MVA power range.

Your vision, our innovation—ABB delivers solutions built around you.

Engineered to Outrun

STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator)

STATCOM systems provide fast reactive power compensation to respond to voltage dips and surges. When paired with BESS, STACOM enhances grid stability, making this solution best suited for plants with fluctuating loads and sensitive equipment.

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (ESS)

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems provide short bursts of high-power support for frequency regulation and inertia to maintain transient stability.

EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS 2

High-Performance VOC & Siloxane Removal

By ANKA Effective gas treatment is a critical part of the long-term performance of biogas and landfill gas facilities. Whether the gas is used for electricity generation or upgraded to biomethane/RNG, contaminants such as VOCs and siloxanes can affect gas quality, damage downstream equipment and increase operating costs. For plant operators, however, removal efficiency alone does not tell the full story. Media lifetime, maintenance requirements, plant availability and lifecycle operating costs are equally important when evaluating a gas treatment solution.

ANKA’s VOC & Siloxane Removal Technology has been developed with these operational priorities in mind. At the core of the system is a proprietary high-performance engineered filter media specifically developed for efficient VOC and siloxane adsorption. The technology achieves removal efficiencies of up to 99% for siloxanes and up to 90% for VOCs, providing consistently treated gas for a wide range of downstream applications.

The engineered media is designed not only for high adsorption performance, but also for extended service life under continuous operating conditions. Its adsorption capacity is periodically restored through an automated hot-air regeneration process, allowing the same media to remain in service over extended periods. Under typical operating conditions, media replacement is required only once per year, reducing consumable demand, maintenance activities and waste generation.

Continuous operation is another important consideration. ANKA’s dual-vessel configuration allows one vessel to remain in adsorption mode while the other undergoes regeneration. Gas treatment therefore continues without interruption, supporting high plant availability and stable gas quality.

These characteristics translate directly into operational benefits. In landfill gas and biogas-to-electricity plants, effective siloxane and VOC removal helps protect gas engines and reduce contaminant-related deposits, wear and maintenance. In biomethane and RNG facilities, cleaner gas helps protect sensitive upgrading technologies such as membranes and PSA systems. The same treatment concept can therefore be applied across different gas utilization pathways while being adapted to site-specific gas composition, flow rate and downstream requirements.

For the U.S. market, where landfill gas utilization, biogas-to-energy and RNG projects represent diverse operating environments, this flexibility can offer significant value. As project developers and operators increasingly evaluate equipment over its entire lifecycle, gas treatment solutions must combine contaminant removal with operational reliability and cost efficiency. Longer media lifetime, continuous treatment and reduced maintenance requirements can contribute to lower and more predictable OPEX while supporting longer downstream equipment life.

ANKA’s technology is modular and scalable, allowing integration into both new and existing facilities across a wide range of capacities. Rather than focusing on a single application or operating model, the system is designed around a broader objective: delivering high removal performance, reliable gas quality and long-term operational efficiency.

For modern biogas and landfill gas facilities, the value of gas treatment is ultimately measured not only by what it removes, but by how reliably and economically that performance can be maintained throughout plant operation.

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Efficient Solutions

Enhanced Safety Through In-Situ Oxygen Monitoring

Enhanced Safety Through In Situ Oxygen Monitoring

EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS 2 By Barben Analytical, a company of Ametek and flammable gas formation within the digester gas handling system.

To manage this risk, the facility established a tightly controlled 1–2% oxygen operational watch zone within the biogas piping network. Maintaining oxygen levels below this threshold is essential to preventing conditions that approach the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). This approach represents a proactive safety philosophy: rather than relying solely on high-level alarms, the plant required continuous oxygen monitoring at low concentrations to detect abnormal conditions early and initiate corrective action before a hazardous situation could develop.

To meet these safety objectives, the facility selected Barben Analytical’s OXYvisor optical oxygen analyzer, integrated with the SafeTap2 in situ sensing assembly, as part of its safety instrumented system.

This solution enabled direct oxygen measurement inside the process piping, eliminating delays and potential failure points associated with extractive sampling systems. The analyzer provides a reliable analog signal to the control system, ensuring rapid detection and response to even small increases in oxygen concentration.

From a safety perspective, the OXYvisor’s optical sensing technology offers a significant advantage over traditional measurement methods. It is inherently immune to interference from common biogas constituents such as moisture, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and other corrosive or reducing gases. This eliminates the need for complex and maintenance-intensive gas conditioning systems, which are often sources of failure or measurement drift in critical safety applications.

The SafeTap2 in situ assembly further strengthens system reliability by allowing the sensor to operate directly within the process stream. This design avoids issues such as sample line plugging, condensation, and delayed response times—common problems in extractive systems that can compromise safety. By reducing maintenance requirements and ensuring measurement integrity, the system supports continuous, dependable monitoring in harsh operating environments.

In modern biogas facilities, where gas is increasingly utilized as a renewable energy source, oxygen monitoring is no longer just a process measurement—it is a critical safety control layer. Accurate, low-level oxygen detection plays a key role in preventing the formation of explosive atmospheres, protecting personnel, equipment, and infrastructure.

The combination of the Barben OXYvisor and SafeTap2 provides a purpose-built solution for these challenges, delivering fast, accurate, and maintenance-reducing oxygen measurement directly at the point of risk. By enabling early detection of unsafe conditions and supporting proactive mitigation strategies, this integrated system helps facilities operate with greater confidence, reliability, and safety.

Anaerobic digester flare systems serve as critical safety barriers, ensuring that excess biogas is combusted in a controlled manner. By converting methane into carbon dioxide and water vapour, flaring reduces greenhouse gas emissions while preventing the dangerous accumulation of explosive gas mixtures. However, as facilities increasingly transition from flaring to beneficial reuse of biogas, the safety requirements of these systems become significantly more complex.

One major dairy foods manufacturer recently faced this exact challenge while implementing a simultaneous plant expansion and biogas system upgrade. The project included new anaerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) units and a strategic shift away from routine flaring.

Instead of treating biogas as a waste stream, the facility began recovering methane and routing it directly into existing boilers and process heating systems. While this transition improved sustainability and energy efficiency, it also introduced new process safety risks— particularly the potential for oxygen ingress

2 Biogas production process. The highlighted section shows the OXYvisor and SafeTap2 installation at the digester outlet, upstream of the digester flare (not shown). Additional installation examples at other stages of the biogas process are also illustrated.

Efficient Solutions

Precision You Can Rely On: Why Biogas Operators Choose MRU

In the fast-growing U.S. biogas and RNG sector, accurate gas analysis is not optional — it is the difference between optimized production and costly downtime. At MRU Instruments, we have spent decades refining analyzers specifically for the harsh realities of digesters, landfills, and biomethane facilities. Today, our instruments are trusted by operators who demand both German engineering excellence and responsive American support.

Our portable OPTIMAX and stationary SWG 100 series deliver the measurements that matter most: CH₄, CO₂, O₂, H₂S, and more, with the accuracy and long-term stability required for process control, engine protection, and regulatory compliance. Operators consistently report that the instruments perform reliably in high-H₂S and variable composition environments, reducing the need for frequent recalibration and minimizing unplanned interruptions.

What sets MRU apart, however, goes beyond the hardware. Our customers remain our top priority. When an analyzer needs attention, our U.S. service center in Humble, Texas, typically completes service and calibration in 2–3 days. Questions are answered quickly by engineers who understand both the technology and the operational pressures of running a biogas plant. This combination of robust products and fast, knowledgeable support is why so many facilities return to MRU when expanding or upgrading their monitoring systems.

We design every analyzer with the operator in mind — intuitive interfaces, durable construction, and practical features that work in the field, not just in the lab. The result is equipment that earns its place on site day after day.

As the U.S. biogas industry continues to scale, the need for dependable measurement and responsive partners only grows. At MRU Instruments, we remain focused on one goal: helping our customers produce more renewable energy with greater confidence and less downtime.

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EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS 2

Understanding Scaling and Scale Prevention in Digestate Flows and Nutrient Recovery Systems

By TGWT Clean Technologies Inc.

Strictly speaking, pH does not directly change the thermodynamic solubility-product constant; rather, it changes the distribution of carbonate, phosphate, ammonium and other ionic species, thereby affecting the effective solubility and degree of supersaturation.

Scaling begins with nucleation: the formation of microscopic, stable crystal nuclei in a supersaturated solution. Crystals may then grow within the bulk liquid, aggregate and settle or become trapped on equipment surfaces.

Alternatively, heterogeneous nucleation and direct crystallization can occur on pipe walls, heat-transfer surfaces or pre-existing deposits. Turbulence, surface roughness and localized changes in pH or temperature can accelerate these processes.

Specialized thermodynamic software, such as Visual MINTEQ and PHREEQC, can calculate saturation indices or saturation ratios using the complete ionic composition, pH and temperature of the water.

These models are valuable for identifying minerals that could precipitate and the process conditions that trigger supersaturation. However, thermodynamic equilibrium predicts possibility, not speed. A positive saturation index does not necessarily mean that a deposit will form within the residence time of the process. Nucleation and crystal-growth kinetics, hydrodynamics and surface interactions remain crucial.

Deposit characterization is therefore essential. X-ray diffraction identifies crystalline phases, while elemental analysis helps confirm their chemical composition and detect components that XRD may miss. When a deposit is partly amorphous or contains organic fouling, loss on ignition provides an estimate of combustible organic matter.

Used together, these methods distinguish mineral scale from organic fouling and support an appropriate treatment strategy.. Struvite deposit (100% cristallinity)

Nutrient recovery systems operate under conditions that are particularly conducive to mineral scaling. Digestate and other nutrient-rich streams often contain high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, ammonium, phosphate and alkalinity.

Changes in pH, temperature or concentration can make these waters supersaturated and initiate the formation of deposits that obstruct piping, pumps, nozzles, heat exchangers, stripping columns and other process equipment.

The most common scale is calcium carbonate, which may occur as calcite, aragonite or vaterite. Struvite, also known as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, is also frequently encountered, particularly where magnesium, ammonium and phosphate coexist at alkaline pH.

Calcium and magnesium phosphates can form under similar conditions, while manganese carbonate is less common but may occur in waters containing elevated manganese and alkalinity.

Mineral solubility is strongly influenced by temperature and pH, although these effects vary among minerals and may act in opposite directions. Calcium carbonate generally becomes less soluble as temperature increases. Struvite, conversely, is generally more soluble at higher temperatures, making precipitation more likely as a stream cools.

Mix of Calcium Magnesium Carbonate and Calcite deposit in heat exchangers.

Antiscalants act at substoichiometric concentrations through several complementary mechanisms.

They can extend the induction time by delaying stable nucleation, adsorb onto growing crystals and distort their morphology, and stabilize fine particles so they remain dispersed rather than aggregating or adhering to surfaces. Plant-derived biopolymers and modified biopolymers can now match the performance of conventional synthetic antiscalants in most applications. In addition to controlling crystallization and dispersion, they can offer important environmental advantages: they are readily biodegradable and phosphate-free.

BIOTASTIK is TGWT Clean Technologies’ latest biosourced, plant-based platform for controlling scale and fouling in biogas and nutrient-recovery systems.

Mix of Calcium Magnesium Carbonate and Manganese Carbonate deposit downstream solid separation centrifuge. TGWT’s recognized commitment to making industrial water treatment simpler, more sustainable and more profitable.

It combines detailed deposit characterization, thermodynamic modelling and site-specific formulations, an approach consistent with

PROJECT SHOWCASES 2

Twin Chimneys Landfill

Twin Chimneys Landfill: Large-scale landfill gas upgrading with SEPURAN® Green membranes

At the Twin Chimneys Landfill in South Carolina, landfill gas is upgraded to renewable natural gas (RNG) for pipeline injection. The facility uses Evonik’s SEPURAN® Green membrane technology to separate carbon dioxide from methane and produce valuable renewable energy.

The upgrading facility was designed and built by Landfill Group. Evonik is proud to support this project as the membrane technology provider, working alongside a valued customer and project partner with decades of landfill-gas experience.

Designed for demanding landfill gas

Landfill gas is a challenging feedstock because composition and trace components can vary. SEPURAN® Green hollow-fiber membranes provide the separation, selectivity, compact footprint and operational robustness needed for reliable upgrading. At Twin Chimneys, the system processes approximately 2,000 standard cubic feet per minute of raw landfill gas using a two-stage membrane configuration.

From local resource to renewable energy

Since March 2023, the facility has supplied RNG to a distribution pipeline owned by the City of Greenwood Commission of Public Works. The project converts a locally generated waste gas into renewable energy that can serve homes, industry and transportation.

Twin Chimneys reflects Landfill Group’s ability to turn landfill gas from an environmental liability into a valuable local energy resource. By capturing and upgrading this gas, the project supports cleaner energy, helps manage odors and delivers environmental, community and economic benefits for the surrounding region.

Environmental impact at scale

Using the U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, Landfill Group estimates that the project’s minimum annual impact, based on 2,000 scfm, is equivalent to the carbon sequestered by 230,598 acres of U.S. forests or the carbon dioxide emissions from 21,277,219 gallons of gasoline consumed.

Reliable separation, practical operation

SEPURAN® Green combines high CO₂/CH₄ selectivity with high methane recovery, even with challenging landfill gas feeds. High on-stream availability, low maintenance requirements and a compact, modular design support dependable operation in large-flow applications.

Proven at more than 250 facilities across North America and over 1,700 membrane-based reference plants worldwide, the technology is designed for stable long-term performance with no drop in membrane performance over time.

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Project Showcases

Flexible Launder Covers at Clayton County Water Authority

PROJECT SHOWCASES are of vital importance when it comes to final discharge. Consistently exceeding TSS and BOD effluent limits can result in environmental impacts and costly fines for the utility.

Covering both the inner and outer troughs of the clarifiers seemed like a natural path forward in preventing algal growth by blocking sunlight. However, these clarifiers are “Peripherally Driven”, meaning the entire bridge, scraper, and skimmer assemblies are connected and rotate as a single unit around the tank. The drive unit is stationed at the outer end of the bridge, with the drive wheel resting on top of a concrete divider wall separating the inner weir and collection trough from outer effluent launder. This arrangement made it impossible for “traditional” solid clarifier launder covers, such as aluminum or FRP, to be installed here.

The Solution

EC’s patented Flexible Clarifier Launder Cover technology utilizes flexible reinforced industrial grade geomembranes to create custom-sized low-profile non-structural panels. Covers were installed on both sides of the concrete divider wall that supports the clarifier’s drive unit. The separate covers on either side of the wall allows for the drive unit to

By IEC - Industrial and Environmental Concepts

The Clayton County Water Authority (CCWA) is a public utility that provides water, sewer, and stormwater management services to 260,000+ residents across Clayton County, Georgia. The Shoal Creek Water Reclamation Facility is one of three wastewater treatment plants operated by CCWA, with a combined treatment volume of close to 40MGD. The Shoal Creek WRF employs a sustainable closed-loop treatment cycle using terraced artificial wetlands and natural “polishing” to reclaim clean water for potable use. This sustainable approach has earned high praise within the industry including being named the state’s Wastewater Plant of the Year in 2017 and 2019 by the Georgia Association of Water Professionals.

The Problem

The Shoal Creek WRF operates two (2) 104-ft diameter Secondary Clarifiers as part of their final stages of wastewater treatment before discharge. Algae growth within the clarifiers had become a growing issue at the plant over the years, requiring frequent time-consuming and costly cleaning by plant operators. Algae growth, particularly on the weirs, restricts flow and can let solids or scum carry over into the final effluent. This can result in measurement problems with TSS (total suspended solids) and BOD (biological oxygen demand), both of which

operate without any interference or contact with the new cover system. The “interior side” uses a continuous cover over the weir that is fixed to the wall face, and slopes downward to the scum baffle, where a custom connection was used to fasten and secure the cover. IEC’s regional installation partner, Cornerstone Mechanical, was on-site for the installation and used a portable hydraulic hole press to punch new bolt holes in the scum baffle to permit cover attachment. This handy tool allowed them to perform the installation without removing the scum baffle for drilling or hole punching off site.

The “outer launder area” cover was a more traditional approach to IEC’s standard launder cover system, where the inner edges of the custom low-profile panels were fastened to the exterior face of the concrete divider wall, and the outer edge tensioned with our standard ratchets. The cover slopes downward towards the tank interior to allow rainwater to drain into the tank through gaps in the fastening system.

The Result

IEC’s flexible Clarifier Launder Covers were completed on both clarifiers in the fall of 2025. The utility is extremely pleased with the results and have experienced 100% reduction in algal growth on the weirs and within the launder area in the first year of operation. They have no immediate plans to remove the cover for inspection or cleaning but expect to do so within the next year. Even with elimination or reduction of algal growth, a biofilm on the concrete surfaces and weirs is expected to form over time that will require cleaning.

IEC"s flexible clarifier launder covers are manufactured and installed to be partially or fully removed for future inspections and maintenance or cleaning activities.

Algae-clogged weir and launder area of secondary clarifier before the installation of the covers

Project Showcases

Pathway to the MCUA RNG Project

Pathway to the MCUA RNG Project: Building the Next Generation of Integrated Landfill-to-Fuel Infrastructure

landfill gas from the landfill in East Brunswick to the Sayreville treatment complex. Originally developed to support power generation, this pipeline forms the backbone of the new RNG project by delivering a consistent gas stream for upgrading and injection into the natural gas grid.

From Gas-to-Energy to RNG: A Master Plan in Action

The RNG facility is part of a broader master plan the Authority has implemented over many years to maximize resource recovery. MCUA has already demonstrated success through its landfill gas-to-energy program, which uses methane to generate up to 17 MW of electricity for plant operations.

The new RNG project builds on this platform, representing the next phase in value creation. Instead of using landfill gas solely for power, the system will process approximately 5,000 SCFM of raw landfill gas into pipeline-quality RNG. The Middlesex County Utilities Authority (MCUA) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) project in Sayreville, New Jersey represents one of the most sophisticated examples of integrated waste, wastewater, and energy infrastructure in North America. Built on decades of strategic planning, the project illustrates how public utilities can transform landfill liabilities into long-term revenue-generating assets.

Revenue Generation and Rate Stabilization

A key benefit of the RNG project is its ability to create new, stable revenue streams for the Authority. RNG produced at the facility can be sold into transportation fuel markets where it generates Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) under the U.S. EPA Renewable Fuel Standard. These credits, purchased by obligated fuel suppliers, are a primary financial driver for landfill-based RNG.

In addition, the project may access Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) credits in markets such as California, further increasing revenue potential. By capturing and monetizing these environmental attributes, the Authority can potentially help offset operational costs and help stabilize waste and wastewater rates for county residents—

The selection underscores the importance of proven performance and efficiency in large-scale public infrastructure investments.

A Model for Public-Sector RNG Development

The MCUA project demonstrates a replicable model for public utilities: leverage existing landfill assets, invest in advanced upgrading technologies, and monetize environmental credits to create long-term economic and environmental value.

By integrating landfill operations, wastewater treatment, energy infrastructure, and policy incentives into a single system, MCUA has positioned itself at the forefront of the circular economy—delivering cleaner energy, reduced emissions, and tangible financial benefits for the communities it serves. This geographic advantage enhances optionality for future offtake agreements beyond traditional pipeline sales.

Public Procurement and Technology Selection

The MCUA RNG project was developed through a public procurement process, consistent with New Jersey public contract law. Engineering consulting companies supported the Authority and served as evaluators, overseeing system design, economic optimization, and vendor selection.

Following this competitive process, Sysadvance’s Methagen LF technology was selected for its ability to upgrade highly contaminated landfill gas—including nitrogen, oxygen, VOCs, and siloxanes—while reliably meeting pipeline specifications.

an increasingly important benefit for public-sector utilities.

Strategic Location and Future Offtake Opportunities

MCUA’s location along the Raritan River and near major transportation corridors and port infrastructure creates unique long-term advantages. New Jersey has already seen growing investment in RNG projects supplying pipeline networks for transportation fuel markets, including heavy-duty trucking and other high-demand sectors.

Looking ahead, proximity to maritime fuels infrastructure could position the MCUA project to serve emerging demand for low-carbon marine fuels, particularly as ports and shipping operators seek to decarbonize.

PROJECT SHOWCASES 2

Jackson Pike's Flare-to-Power Transformation

History

Originally commissioned in 1937, the City of Columbus's Jackson Pike Wastewater Treatment Plant has grown from a basic treatment operation into a modern-day facility.

The latest project includes $30 million in upgrades for gas conditioning and combined heat and power engines.

Solution

In 2017, the city embarked on a plan to utilize the biogas in a combined heat and power project.

At the Jackson Pike Wastewater Treatment Plant in Columbus, Ohio, a valuable fuel source was going up in flames.

The plant's sludge incinerators were decommissioned, and the biogas produced on-site was mostly flared instead of being put to use.

The gas itself also posed a serious engineering challenge. Hydrogen sulfide levels swung wildly, from 100 to 3,000 ppmv, making reliable, consistent treatment difficult.

Unison Solutions was brought in to design and manufacture a gas conditioning system built to handle that variability day in and day out, turning a wasted byproduct into a steady fuel source.

Future

With the current success of the Jackson Pike project, Columbus also is investing $79 million in a Gas Conditioning and CHP project at its Southerly Wastewater Treatment Plant. The project is part of a larger plant expansion and upgrade. The city looked to Unison to supply the Gas Conditioning System for the Southerly project. The 2,000 scfm system is comprised of Hydrogen Sulfide Removal, Gas Compression/Moisture Removal System, a Regenerative Siloxane Reduction System (RSRS) and Siloxane Polishing System. The RSRS system provides lower operating cost for the higher concentration of VOCs and siloxane expected in the biogas at the Southerly WWTP.

The Columbus Department of Public Utilities estimates biogas cogeneration projects for its Southerly and Jackson Pike plants will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 34,000 and 13,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents, respectively. That’s the equivalent of taking 10,100 passenger vehicles off the road, and the two projects are each expected to cut their plant’s utility costs roughly in half. By 2020, the project was advertised. Unison was awarded the project in the fall of 2021 and started tackling its unique challenges.

Unison’s in-house engineering team designed the gas conditioning system providing 720 scfm of clean, dry gas to the two 1 MW CHP engines.

Unison provided Hydrogen Sulfide Removal, Gas Blowers, Moisture Removal, and Siloxane Removal Systems for the project. They were manufactured, assembled and factory tested at Unison’s 90,000-square-foot facility in Dubuque, Iowa.

Due to varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (100 to 3,000 ppmv), Unison built oxygen injection into the design, metering small volumes of ambient air into the biogas stream to extend the life of the iron hydroxide media.

The results: less media consumption, fewer change-outs, and lower long-term operating costs.

The new system also had to account for space challenges. The system includes biogas blower and moisture removal, which were designed in small, skidded sections that allowed the equipment to fit into various rooms inside the existing plant infrastructure below grade.

After the gas is dried, it is piped above ground to the outdoor Siloxane Removal System provided by Unison. The system was specifically designed to meet the stringent requirements of the CHP engines and their exhaust catalyst.

The system's Lead/Lag/Polishing vessel configuration gives the plant continuous protection and built-in redundancy, allowing maintenance and media changeouts to occur while keeping the engines operational.

The equipment was installed in 2022-2023 and started up in the spring of 2025.

PROJECT SHOWCASES 2

Unlocking New Value from Existing Infrastructure

By Mead & Hunt

Every day, the Lena Road Landfill handles waste generated by more than 450,000 residents across Manatee County, Florida. For more than 50 years, it has been a vital part of the community's infrastructure, and over time, the site has also produced a steady supply of landfill gas.

With an average gas flow of approximately 1,900 standard cubic feet per minute, the landfill gas generated provided the foundation for a renewable natural gas (RNG) development that converts landfill gas into pipeline-quality fuel. By building on infrastructure already serving the community, Manatee County increased the value of an existing public asset while advancing broader sustainability goals.

At the same time, the County was investing in major utility initiatives, including water and wastewater improvements needed to support future growth. The RNG development complemented those efforts, bringing together specialized expertise to create a new source of renewable energy from a resource already being generated on site. Bringing the Right Expertise Together

Turning landfill gas into RNG requires more than a single technology or organization. It requires expertise across project development, engineering, financing, construction, and long-term operations, all working toward the same objective.

For this project, Johnson Controls, Inc. led project development and ownership activites while providing ongoing measurement and verification services. Mead & Hunt, Inc. provided permitting, design, equipment procurement, and construction services for the biogas conditioning systems. Nopetro Energy, LLC served as the equity partner responsible for project financing and long-term operations. Together, the team combined complementary capabilities to move the project from concept to implementation.

The project team structured the effort using a Design-Build-Finance-Own-Operate-Maintain (DBFOOM) approach, allowing each partner to focus on its area of expertise while contributing to a shared goal: converting landfill gas into a reliable source of renewable natural gas.

The collaborative model reflects a broader shift in infrastructure and energy development. As projects grow more complex, owners increasingly rely on integrated teams that bring technical, financial, and operational expertise together from the outset. By aligning responsibilities around shared project objectives, these delivery models help streamline decision-making and support successful project execution.

More Than an RNG Facility

With construction anticipated to begin in early fall of 2026, the facility is expected to deliver both environmental and economic benefits to Manatee County. Estimated outcomes include annual revenue-sharing payments of approximately $880,000 to $1.7 million, depending on market conditions, with projected cumulative revenue exceeding $17.5 million over a 20-year period.

The facility is also expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 22,000 to 24,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent annually while producing enough RNG to supply more than 4,500 homes each year.

Those numbers tell an important part of the story, but the project's impact extends beyond its performance metrics.

The Lena Road Landfill development demonstrates how existing infrastructure can support new community priorities without requiring entirely new systems. What began as a landfill serving the County's waste management needs now also contributes to renewable energy production, creating additional benefits from an asset already in place.

Just as importantly, the project shows what can happen when public and private partners align their expertise around a common objective. By combining development, engineering, financing, construction, and operations under a collaborative delivery model, the team transformed an existing resource into a long-term energy asset.

As communities continue looking for practical ways to meet future energy, environmental, and economic goals, the Lena Road Landfill offers a clear example of how thoughtful planning and collaboration can build on the strengths of infrastructure that has been serving residents for decades.

TECHNOLOGY SPOTLIGHTS

From Biogas to Bio-CNG

As renewable natural gas (RNG) projects continue to expand worldwide, the role of biogas compression is evolving beyond simply supplying gas to on-site power generation. Increasingly, project developers are upgrading biogas into pipeline-quality biomethane and utilizing compressed Bio-CNG through virtual pipeline systems for transportation, industrial applications and off-grid energy supply. This transition is creating growing demand for integrated compression solutions that cover the entire renewable gas value chain.

One recent example is the Air Kuning Biomethane Project in Malaysia, where biogas generated from palm oil mill effluent (POME) is upgraded into biomethane for high-value renewable gas applications. While the feedstock is specific to Southeast Asia, the engineering concept behind the project is highly relevant to renewable gas developments across North America, Europe and South America.

For this project, ADEKOM supplied two complete gas compression systems covering both the raw biogas compression stage and the downstream high-pressure biomethane compression stage. The first system compresses approximately 1,300 Sm³/h of raw biogas from 0.3 bar(g) to 16 bar(g), providing a stable gas supply for the biomethane upgrading process. Following gas purification, a second ADEKOM high-

pressure biomethane compressor further compresses 660 Sm³/h of biomethane from 15 bar(g) up to 250 bar(g), preparing the renewable gas for high-pressure storage, transportation or Bio-CNG applications.

Although this project is located in Malaysia, the overall engineering philosophy is equally applicable to landfill gas, sugar mill biogas, municipal wastewater treatment plants, food waste digesters and agricultural biogas projects worldwide. As virtual pipeline networks continue to grow, compression systems are becoming a key enabling technology for transporting renewable gas beyond the production site, allowing biomethane to reach industrial users, vehicle fueling stations and remote energy consumers where pipeline infrastructure is unavailable.

Beyond compressor manufacturing, ADEKOM provides integrated engineering solutions covering the complete gas compression process. Depending on project requirements, systems may include low-pressure biogas compression, high-pressure biomethane compression, cascade storage systems, priority panels, trailer filling systems and Bio-CNG dispensing stations. This integrated approach simplifies project implementation while improving operational reliability, efficiency and long-term maintainability.

Safety remains a fundamental design consideration throughout the entire compression system. Equipment can be designed in accordance with international standards including ATEX, IECEx, CSA, UL, ASME and PED, together with intelligent monitoring, gas detection, automatic protection and remote diagnostic capabilities to support reliable operation under demanding operating conditions.

With more than 15 years of experience and over 100 biogas projects worldwide, ADEKOM has successfully delivered compression solutions for diverse renewable gas applications including palm oil mills in Southeast Asia, sugarcane biogas plants and landfill gas projects in Brazil, as well as industrial biogas applications across multiple international markets. This broad project experience enables the company to transfer proven engineering concepts between different feedstocks and regional markets while adapting each solution to local regulations and operational requirements.

As the global renewable gas industry continues to mature, integrated compression systems will play an increasingly important role in

enabling biomethane production, Bio-CNG distribution and virtual pipeline infrastructure. By combining engineering expertise with reliable compression technologies, ADEKOM remains committed to helping project developers transform organic waste into cleaner, more valuable and more accessible renewable energy.

Technology Spotlights

Flexibility: A Necessity for a Growing and Diverse RNG Market

No two RNG projects are alike. Feedstock composition, gas quality, flow rates, and operating conditions can vary significantly from one site to another.

Designing a successful RNG project therefore goes beyond selecting an upgrading unit. It requires a complete platform approach, where every technology is selected according to the project's feedstock, operating conditions, and RNG production objectives.

PRODEVAL supports developers with a complete portfolio of technologies covering the different stages of biogas treatment and upgrading, enabling each project to be configured according to its specific requirements.

Ready for Project Evolution

At the heart of this approach is the VALOPUR® membrane upgrading platform, available across a wide range of capacities and applications. Whether biogas originates from agricultural waste, industrial processes, or wastewater treatment facilities, VALOPUR® systems are designed to adapt to diverse operating conditions while maintaining high performance.

A key advantage of the VALOPUR® platform is its operational flexibility. As production requirements evolve over time, flow rates can be increased or decreased without modification to the upgrading platform, helping operators adapt to changing market conditions, feedstock availability, and future growth while protecting their initial investment.

2 Beyond Technology

Because successful RNG projects require more than equipment alone, PRODEVAL provides comprehensive maintenance services and expert support designed to maximize plant availability and sustain performance throughout the facility's lifetime.

In an evolving North American RNG market, combining adaptable technology with long-term operational support can help developers build projects that remain efficient, reliable, and ready for future growth.

Proven Performance

Beyond flexibility, PRODEVAL's technology is designed to deliver predictable long-term performance. With RNG recovery rates exceeding 99.5%, runtime guarantees above 97%, guaranteed electrical consumption, and consistent performance across varying gas compositions and temperatures, operators can rely on stable and efficient production throughout the life of the facility.

TECHNOLOGY SPOTLIGHTS

Biogas Elevated Flares

varying gas flow rates and compositions. Safety is further enhanced by a crimped ribbon inline flame arrester, which prevents any potential flashback into the main gas lines.

The entire operation is fully automated. Featuring an IP65-rated control panel integrated with a smart Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), the system automatically detects pressure build-ups and operates automatic solenoid valves on the main and pilot gas lines. A PLC-controlled air control damper optimizes the air-to-fuel ratio, maintaining a retention time of over 0.3 seconds to ensure complete combustion with minimal emissions.

With standard capacities ranging from 50 m³/h to 5,000 m³/h—and customizable higher capacities available—Ariş Enerji delivers gold-standard engineering that secures your plant, protects your investments, and honors your environmental commitments. In the rapidly evolving renewable energy sector, biogas production stands out as a highly efficient method for generating green electricity and heat. However, managing biological processes requires robust infrastructure capable of handling operational fluctuations. During routine maintenance of gas engines, unscheduled generator shutdowns, or emergency situations, biogas production does not stop. In these critical moments, safely releasing pressure and managing excess gas is paramount. This is where the Biogas Elevated Flare (GFU Series), engineered by Ariş Enerji, becomes an indispensable asset for plant safety and environmental protection.

A biogas flare is fundamentally emergency equipment designed to discharge and combust biogas safely when the main utilization systems—such as gas engines or upgrading units—are temporarily non-operational. Without a reliable flaring system, unburned biogas, which is primarily composed of CH4, would have to be vented directly into the atmosphere. Because methane is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential significantly higher than CO2, direct venting is both ecologically unacceptable and prohibited by strict international environmental regulations.

Ariş Enerji’s GFU Series Elevated Flares are specifically designed for complete and controlled combustion. Built with premium materials, including AISI 304, 310L, and 316L stainless steel along with hot-dip galvanized components, these units are engineered to withstand extreme temperatures and corrosive environments over long operational lifespans. The interior features a high-grade ceramic fiber coating that provides superior thermal insulation, ensuring safety for nearby plant personnel and protecting the structural integrity of the chimney.

Technological precision is at the core of the GFU Series. Equipped with a custom-designed multi-nozzle stainless steel burner and a dedicated pilot burner, the system guarantees a highly stable flame under

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TECHNOLOGY SPOTLIGHTS

Adicomp USA Inc.

The upgraded service has been designed to ensure that every overhaul meets the highest standards of reliability and performance, while providing customers with dedicated technical support throughout the process.

What's Included:

• Adicomp's enhanced overhaul service includes:
• Complete screw block overhaul using genuine OEM parts;
• Restoration of compressor performance and operational reliability;
• Service carried out by qualified and experienced technicians;
• Comprehensive dimensional inspections and quality-control checks;
• Extended warranty coverage of up to three years.

Through the use of original components and rigorous inspection procedures, each overhauled screw block is restored to deliver dependable performance and long-term operational efficiency.

Guaranteed 30-Day Turnaround Time

A key advantage of the enhanced program is Adicomp's commitment to a guaranteed 30-day turnaround time for all screw blocks requiring a standard overhaul, calculated from the date the component is received. With its office and warehouse strategically located in Chicago and its production facility based in Sidney, Ohio, Adicomp USA Inc. serves as a key operational hub for supporting customers across North America. Leveraging the global resources of Ingersoll Rand together with Adicomp's specialized expertise in gas compression technologies, the company is committed to delivering responsive service, technical excellence, and long-term value throughout the lifecycle of every compressor installation.

As industrial operations increasingly demand reliability, efficiency, and minimal downtime, Adicomp continues to strengthen its customer support offering through a comprehensive range of services designed to maximize equipment performance and operational continuity.

A Global Support Network Built Around Customer Needs

Adicomp's service philosophy extends far beyond equipment supply. The company has established a robust global support system that ensures customers receive timely and effective assistance wherever they operate.

This commitment is supported by:

• High-quality genuine spare parts and advanced maintenance solutions;
• A comprehensive worldwide network of service partners;
• Experienced engineers providing both on-site and remote support;
• End-to-end customer assistance, from system design and installation to after-sales service and ongoing maintenance.

By combining technical expertise with a strong international presence, Adicomp helps customers maintain optimal compressor performance while reducing operating costs and unexpected downtime.

Enhancing the Screw Block Overhauling Service

Supporting customers throughout the entire lifecycle of their equipment is a fundamental part of Adicomp's approach.

To further strengthen this commitment, the company has recently enhanced its Screw Block Overhauling Service, introducing improvements aimed at delivering greater efficiency, predictable lead times, and consistently high-quality results.

service portfolio is designed to support customers at every stage of their equipment journey. The enhancement of the Screw Block Overhauling Service further demonstrates the company's dedication to innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction.

With a strong North American presence and a global support network behind it, Adicomp USA Inc. continues to provide the expertise, responsiveness, and reliability that customers need to keep their operations running at peak performance.

This defined timeline enables customers to plan maintenance activities more effectively, minimize operational disruptions, and ensure the rapid return of critical equipment to service.

Planned Overhaul Service Agreements

For customers seeking a more proactive maintenance strategy, Adicomp also offers Planned Overhaul Service Agreements. These programs provide dedicated pricing conditions and a structured approach to equipment maintenance, helping organizations optimize lifecycle costs and improve asset reliability.

By planning overhaul activities in advance, customers can benefit from greater budget predictability, improved equipment availability, and enhanced long-term operational performance.

A Trusted Partner Throughout the Equipment Lifecycle

From spare parts and maintenance to training and remote technical assistance, Adicomp's

TECHNOLOGY SPOTLIGHTS

Designing RNG Odorization Systems with a Full Life-Cycle Environmental Perspective

By MRR

Odorization is fundamental to safety in RNG systems, yet its environmental footprint is often considered only at the point of injection. A responsible approach demands lifecycle thinking—from design and operation to spill response and end-of-life management.

Odorant storage and transfer represent one of the highest environmental risk points within RNG facilities. Poorly designed fill systems can create nuisance odours, fugitive emissions, and community disruption. Even minor releases can generate significant public concern.

At Midland Resource Recovery, we emphasize designing for controlled handling from day one. Closed-loop or vapour-balanced transfer systems, secondary containment, corrosion-resistant materials, and sealed connections are not optional upgrades. They are risk-reduction tools.

Most environmental incidents do not occur during catastrophic failures. They occur during routine maintenance and handling. Designing for safe access, minimizing manual transfer steps, and implementing structured spill preparedness plans significantly reduces risk exposure.

In the event of an odorant release, response speed and preparedness matter. Facilities should maintain containment protocols, neutralizing agents, and clear emergency procedures. Isolation valves and thoughtful system segmentation can prevent small leaks from escalating.

Environmental responsibility extends beyond operations. Equipment exposed to mercaptan-based odorants becomes chemically saturated over time. Standard disposal pathways are often insufficient. Decontamination, proper cleaning, and responsible material handling must be incorporated into decommissioning plans.

MRR assists operators across the full lifecycle—design review, installation, commissioning, maintenance, tank management, spill mitigation planning, and responsible equipment retirement. By incorporating environmental considerations into each phase, operators reduce long-term liability and total cost of ownership.

In RNG odorization, environmental stewardship is not an afterthought. It is an engineering discipline. Systems that are designed, maintained, and retired responsibly protect not only infrastructure but community trust.

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INNOVATIONS 2

Transforming Landfill RNG Economics with Low-Cost INTRUPTor™ Technology

By Hydron Energy Hydron Energy’s INTRUPTor™ technology uses novel biomimicry-based metal-organic framework (MOF) sorbents developed and manufactured by Hydron Energy. These advanced sorbents represent a significant improvement over current industry standards for biogas upgrading, particularly for landfill gas applications.

Hydron’s MOFs are designed to remove nitrogen (N₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) near ambient pressure in a single step, a capability that simplifies system design and operations while reducing both capital and operating costs compared with incumbent technologies.

Conventional biogas upgrading systems often face major limitations when processing landfill gas. Landfill biogas can contain elevated nitrogen concentrations, which are alongside captured N₂ and CO₂ to deliver pipeline-quality renewable natural gas (RNG) without the need for multi-stage processing. Due to its regenerative cyclic operation, the INTRUPTor™ can easily tolerate and reject higher levels of contaminants compared to other industrial solutions.

This simplifies pre-treatment configuration and supports easier deployment, smaller system footprints, reduced consumables energy consumption, and more straightforward operation compared with conventional upgrading solutions.

The INTRUPTor™ platform represents a pivotal step toward transforming the economics of RNG production from landfill sites. By combining two of the most challenging separation steps into one efficient process, Hydron’s solution enables difficult and costly to remove. Traditional approaches typically require very tight contaminant control pre-treatment steps, higher operating pressures, a combination of adsorption and membrane technologies in multiple separation stages for N₂ and CO₂ removal, and complex balance-of-plant systems.

These requirements increase energy consumption, equipment costs, maintenance needs, and overall operational complexity, often limiting the financial viability of landfill RNG projects.

INTRUPTor™ rapid-cycle sorption technology addresses these challenges through a regenerative, streamlined platform. By utilizing structured MOFs in a single stage at near-ambient pressure, the system utilizes low quality steam to rinse out contaminants

INTRUPTor™ - Mobile

producers to achieve market-acceptable RNG quality at a materially lower cost.

This can improve the viability of landfill projects of varying sizes, creating tangible economic value for developers, operators, municipalities, and other stakeholders.

Using conventional biogas upgrading technologies, RNG often struggles to

In October 2026, Hydron will demonstrate its INTRUPTor system for upgrading landfill biogas at the Bailey Landfill in Chilliwack, B.C., Canada. Two site tours are offered: October 8 in conjunction with the Canadian Biogas Association’s Biogas West Conference, and October 20–21 through Darcy Partners.

Find more details on Biogas Community.

compete directly with fossil fuel-based natural gas on cost. Hydron’s INTRUPTor™ offers a game-changing pathway to close that gap.

By reducing complexity, lowering costs, and improving project economics, the technology makes RNG more competitive with fossil natural gas while supporting the broader transition to cleaner energy.

INTRUPTor™ - Mobile at Bailey Landfill

INNOVATIONS 2

Bridging the Gap Between the Lab and Full-Scale: The Chimera

By Anaero Technology Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom

If you have spent days and nights following live biogas flow and composition data from an anaerobic digestion (AD) plant, you will know the value of having this information available remotely, 24 hours a day. Biogas flow and composition, particularly CH₄ and CO₂, provide fast, dynamic indicators of conditions inside the digester.

important part of answering these questions and are among the most dynamic monitoring tools available to AD operators.

However, our experience operating a full-scale AD plant alongside laboratory-scale digesters highlighted a clear difference in the monitoring capabilities available.

From Full-Scale Monitoring to the Laboratory

Even relatively basic full-scale AD plants can continuously monitor biogas production and composition. In research laboratories, however, obtaining comparable data from multiple small-scale reactors can be considerably more difficult.

For seven years, we operated laboratory auto-fed digesters alongside a full-scale AD plant. In the laboratory, gas composition was analyzed using gas bags and handheld instruments. This provided useful information, but collecting samples manually was labor-intensive and offered limited data granularity.

Existing laboratory solutions presented different compromises. Some measured gas flow continuously but required separate composition measurements. For many operators, these are among the first parameters we look at when assessing process performance. Is a change in organic loading improving or worsening process conditions? Is the digester responding to changes in temperature or feeding? Should loading be increased or reduced? Gas production and composition form an Anaero's BMP Lab

2 Others analyzed gas collected in bags or relied on manometric measurements. Gas chromatography provides detailed analysis, but combining frequent GC measurements with continuous gas-flow monitoring across multiple reactors can become complex and expensive.

Consequently, we saw the need for a system capable of automatically analyzing gas composition from multiple laboratory-scale reactors operating at low gas flow rates.

Developing Chimera

After years of testing sensors, manifolds and sampling arrangements, we developed a multi-channel system capable of analyzing gas from up to 15 individual sources, while working with the low gas volumes typically generated by laboratory-scale digesters.

Chimera combines non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) and electrochemical sensor technologies. Depending on configuration, monitored gases include CH₄, CO₂, H₂, H₂S, NH₃, O₂, CO and N₂O.

The system can be connected downstream of gas-flow measurement equipment, allowing researchers to combine gas-production and composition data.

Excess gas can also be directed for collection in gas bags where further analysis is required.

Chimera is not limited to Anaero digesters. It can be connected downstream of compatible laboratory gas-flow measurement systems, allowing researchers to add automatic gas-composition monitoring to existing experimental setups.

enable lab automation. This moves laboratory AD research towards something increasingly familiar at full scale: using live process information not simply to observe a digester, but potentially to control it.

Chimera is the result of more than ten years of development. Our aim is to help bridge the monitoring gap between laboratory research and full-scale operation, giving researchers better tools to investigate, understand and ultimately optimize anaerobic digestion, fermentation and other biological processes.

Learn more at:

www.anaerotech.com

PCT patent WO 2024/134129

Email - [email protected]

Beyond Gas Monitoring

Our objective extends beyond simply measuring gas.

Chimera incorporates a Raspberry Pi computer capable of processing sensor data and communicating with other equipment, creating opportunities to investigate automated process responses and AI-assisted control strategies.

For example, an experimental system could be programmed to respond when methane concentration falls below a defined threshold by adjusting a dosing or feeding pump. Communication with external equipment can be implemented using an API provided to

CH₄ & CO₂ Composition Over 12 Days Using Chimera Chimera Gas Analyzer

INNOVATIONS 2

The Cheapest Nitrogen is the Nitrogen you Never Pull In

By Jeff Photakis, Sales Director, RNG at Ivys Adsorption

Landfill-gas-to-RNG projects often spend tens of millions of dollars removing nitrogen from landfill gas. Much of this cost addresses a problem originating in the wellfield rather than in the waste itself. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), raw landfill gas typically contains about 50% methane and 50% CO₂. Each nitrogen molecule detected at the wellhead came from atmospheric air, initially trapped with the waste and later drawn in by the vacuum from the gas collection blowers. A field reading of 9% nitrogen indicates that roughly 11% of the total volume is ambient air, which must then be dried, compressed, and separated during downstream purification. The oxygen introduced with this air is consumed by aerobic bacteria near the intrusion point, thereby producing additional CO₂.

Air enters through landfill cover defects, failed wellhead seals, leachate-flooded wells, over-extraction, and buried granular layers like gravel access roads. Managing air intrusion isn't just about adjusting the wellfield; reducing wellfield vacuum can limit air entry but may also decrease gas recovery. Methane capture drops because the same vacuum that pulls in air also pulls in methane. Repairing seals and covers, dewatering, and sealing cutoff valves—along with regular or automated tuning—address leaks at their source, improving methane capture and increasing revenue from the landfill. Keeping air out in the Gas Collection and Control System (GCCS) can be 2 to 5 times less expensive than removing it downstream, depending on the cost of GCCS improvements.

2 Removing nitrogen from gas entering the upgrading facility is challenging once it's present, as some methane slip is unavoidable during separation, reducing project revenues. Ivys’s fast-cycle rotary valve Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system isolates CO2, O2, and N2 in a single-stage or multiple-stage process for the site-specific nitrogen level. However, higher nitrogen content increases costs and reduces project feasibility, especially at smaller landfills. An independent study by SCS Energy on a 4,000 scfm plant showed that adding nitrogen removal raised construction expenses from $19 million to $30 million USD, about 37% of total system costs. Power consumption over the facility's lifespan also increased by approximately 20%, while methane recovery decreased by 2 percentage points

twenty years of capital expenditure, increased energy consumption, and decreased methane recovery—when simpler, less costly surface repairs could provide more affordable alternatives.

Ivys’s engineers work with your GCCS operator to discuss air-intrusion mitigation efforts against nitrogen removal during upgrading before sizing and specifying equipment. Our engineers size equipment based on the nitrogen levels expected throughout the life of a well-managed wellfield, not just at current levels. When selecting upgrading equipment, the goal should be to maximize profit rather than minimize the NRU. Landfill gas with minimized air entry incurs significantly lower upgrade costs.

due to the additional nitrogen removal stage.

While nitrogen must be removed, to reduce the total cost of ownership of the upgrading facility over its lifetime, operators should evaluate both capital expenses and operational upgrades that minimize air intrusion. This involves identifying air intake paths, sealing leaks, and monitoring nitrogen levels for several months to properly size equipment to the lower, post-mitigation nitrogen concentrations. For smaller landfill gas projects, removing pathways for air intrusion enhances both profitability and feasibility, making them more attractive to pursue.

A common, costly error is selecting equipment that commits the operator to

INNOVATIONS

Octaform Stay-in-Place PVC Formwork+Liner

Octaform Stay-in-Place PVC Formwork+Liner

Reduced Cost, Lead-times and Installation Duration on High-Performance Biogas Tanks

Depressed offtake revenues and increased capital costs put downward pressure on North American biogas projects. More projects are not penciling out at the Final Investment Decision (FID). Often, the difference between clearing the FID hurdle or not are tank costs and indirect costs from schedule implications. To address this, Octaform’s combined PVC stay-in-place formwork and liner system builds resilience into every project stage, improving cost, risk reduction, project delivery and long-term operating performance.

Octaform is assembled from PVC segments with a patented mechanical joint that is watertight to over 68 psi, equivalent to over 150 feet (45 m) of water column (Intertek 2008, 2025). For typical gas-zone pressures (2 feet or 0.6 m), this provides a safety factor greater than 40 times. Further, our proprietary

Construction Overview - Form-Fill-Finished:

Octaform delivers forms and specialized self-erect scaffolding, and on-site, at-your-side technical support to install up to four tanks per month on a large-scale project (insulated, clad, and lined). Octaform’s stay-in-place forming system does not require cranes, specialty welders, or an imported erection crew. This accelerates timelines and offers a robust mitigation of risk to the labor and equipment shortages that have hit construction broadly.

For a single 100’ d x 32’ h (30m x 9m) round tank, scaffolding takes approximately 5 days, and a new crew can go from formwork-to-completion in approximately 3.5 weeks. Tank completion is truly completion, not just the concrete and rebar. The tank is insulated, clad, and lined without follow-on cure delays to strip forms and apply coatings. As many forms are available as required to support

PVC’s chemical resistance to H2S provides durable protection against the unforgiving corrosive conditions found in biogas tanks. Because of this, Octaform is able to offer one of the most robust warranties against corrosion and leakage. Tanks are designed to require no mid-life service during the first 20 years of operation and long-term tank service life extending decades beyond alternatives. This represents hundreds of thousands in savings per tank in increased gas production, and decreased rehabilitation costs.

Schedule Benefits

Produced quickly and flat-pack shipped, project lead times are dramatically shorter with more diversified supply chains than glass-fused steel. This has become increasingly relevant as the biogas industry faces international freight, tariff, and customs volatility. volatility.

2 the schedule with continuous productivity and finished tanks as the output.

rather than applied afterward or shipped in as a finished panel, can hold both properties at once: a faster path to substantial completion, and an interior that doesn't need recoating or major maintenance a decade in.

Quality and Efficiency Are Not Mutually Exclusive

The industry has historically treated "how fast can we build it" and "how long will it last" as trade-offs against each other. What we've seen on recent projects is that a built-in, watertight lining formed with the concrete,